In females, obesity is often associated with conditions such as polyendocrine metabolic ovarian syndrome (PMOS), formerly knows as PCOS, while in males, it can reduce testosterone levels and adversely affect sperm quality
This strategy relies on the higher concentration of reducing molecules such as glutathione in the cytoplasm (110 mmol/L) (Wu et al., 2004) compared to the extracellular environment (about 5 mol/L in blood) (Mills and Lang, 1996)
doi: 10.3390/healthcare7010001
Iron homeostasis is further modulated by the IRP-IRE signaling pathway, where iron regulatory proteins (IRP1/2) bind to iron-responsive elements (IREs) in the untranslated regions of ferritin and ferroportin (FPN) mRNAs
They are recommended for those with fatigue, poor absorption, or deficiency