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Protein metabolism Promotes protein synthesis Reduces protein breakdown Insulin Secretion Triggered by: High blood glucose (e.g., after meals) Amino acids GI hormones (incretins) Parasympathetic stimulation Inhibited by: Low blood glucose Sympathetic stimulation (adrenaline, noradrenaline) Lack of Insulin Diabetes Type 1 Diabetes Autoimmune destruction of beta cells Little or no insulin production Requires lifelong insulin therapy Type 2 Diabetes Insulin resistance + decreased insulin secretion May require insulin if oral drugs are insufficient Clinical Uses of Insulin Type 1 diabetes (always) Type 2 diabetes (if uncontrolled) Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) Hyperkalemia (shifts K+ into cells) Gestational diabetes Side Effects of Insulin Hypoglycemia (most common) Symptoms: sweating, tremor, confusion, headache Weight gain Lipodystrophy at injection site Allergic reactions (rare) Storage and Administration Injected subcutaneously (abdomen, thigh, arm) Rotate injection sites Store unopened vials in the fridge Opened insulin kept at room temp (up to 28 days, depends on type) Important Patient Education Monitor blood glucose regularly Match insulin with meals Treat hypoglycemia promptly (e.g., glucose tablets, juice) Never skip meals after rapid-acting insulin Know signs of low and high sugar To view or add a comment, sign in More Relevant Posts MLS (ASCP) Model Question Bank (Clinical chemistry-05): Q51

Bibcode:2016IBiBi.114....1L

Oral hormonal contraceptive effectiveness may be reduced at the start of treatment and after dose increases consider a non-oral backup contraceptive method for 4 weeks after initiation and after each dose escalation

The (sort of) new treatment on the block: GLP-1 receptor agonists As mentioned earlier, there has been a huge increase in new prescriptions of GLP-1 receptor agonists in the past few years

Complementary Tissue Signaling The peptides within KLOW influence different yet interconnected biological pathways