Other malabsorption causes include: Atrophic gastritis and reduced gastric acid production (common in older adults) Gastrointestinal surgery, particularly gastrectomy, ileal resection, or bariatric surgery (especially gastric bypass) Inflammatory bowel disease affecting the terminal ileum (Crohn's disease) Coeliac disease and other small bowel disorders Chronic pancreatitis affecting enzyme secretion Helicobacter pylori infection (may contribute to reduced absorption) Medication-related deficiency is increasingly recognised
People who don't get enough of the essential vitamin can experience nausea, fatigue, dizziness or depression among other symptoms
Blood-thinning medications like warfarin increase bleeding risk 3-6 times normal, while even daily aspirin (81mg) can cause significant bruising in sensitive individuals
When those trials are conducted, we find no increased fracture risk among those given B12
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