Readily available source of Vitamin B12.rnApproved for use in horses, dogs, and cats, this solution is available in 100, 250, and 500 mL sizes, and provides effective supplementation when normal dietary needs are not being met
No participants developed anti-AOD-9604 antibodies in the subset tested, and no statistically significant changes in IGF-1 or vital signs were seen
Hydrochloric acid and/or sodium hydroxide for pH adjustment if necessary (4.5-7.0)
Inflammation Reduction Eventually B12 decreases widespread inflammation, but initially oxidative stress and inflammatory flares may worsen temporarily from cleansing reactions
Discounting : For cost-effectiveness analyses, a discount rate of 5% is applied (to both costs and effects/QALYs), as recommended by economic guidelines