At the level of inflammatory tissue, bromelain reduces vasodilation, and increased capillary permeability, leukocyte migration and local pain by inhibiting the formation of bradykinin and serotonin
For prescription topical formulations used consistently, initial improvements in texture, hydration, and radiance typically appear at 2 to 4 weeks, meaningful visible changes to firmness and fine lines at 4 to 8 weeks, maximum early results at 8 to 12 weeks, and full cumulative benefit at 3 to 6 months of consistent daily use
If you're on immunosuppressive medications (biologics, corticosteroids), discuss with your doctor before starting any peptide protocol
Do not use in dogs with pulmonary fibrosis, a history of chronic pulmonary disease that could lead to fibrosis, or in breeds with a predisposition to this condition such as West Highland White Terriers
Who is responsible for follow-up and adverse-event reporting