During fermentation, kefir microorganisms generate bioactive metabolites, such as bacteriocins, bioactive peptides, exopolysaccharides, ethanol, carbon dioxide, vitamins B1 and B12, calcium peptides, and amino acids, which contribute to antimicrobial, antioxidant, and metabolic benefits (Nakagawa et al., 2024)
The activated Smo maintains Cubitus interruptus (Ci) in an active form 48
In human cholangiocarcinoma cells (TFK-1, SZ-1), bromelain (and papain) blocked NF-B/AMPK signalling, inducing cytotoxic effects through the activation of apoptosis in both cell lines after 48h of treatment (94)
Usually transient
Understandably, this has drawn attention to telomere elongation as a possible method for preserving good health as we grow older