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J Clin Endocrinol Metab 108(4):920930 ElSayed NA, Aleppo G, Aroda VR, Bannuru RR, Brown FM, Bruemmer D et al (2023) 2 Classification and diagnosis of diabetes: standards of care in diabetes2023

IGF-1 elevation from full HGH use is associated with increased cell proliferation risk, fluid retention, and carpal tunnel syndrome at therapeutic doses

Into the 2000s, links to ferroptosis and diseases solidified, with genetic studies revealing polymorphisms affecting GPx activity

IGF-1 is produced in response to physiological or pharmaceutical growth hormone (GH), and is responsible for many of the anabolic effects of GH

In contrast, -6 PUFAs are associated with pro-angiogenic and pro-inflammatory phenotypes, with elevated -6 LCPUFA levels found in human eyes diagnosed with AMD compared to controls [145, 146]