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The activity of MC4R is strictly regulated by its endogenous ligands: -melanocyte-stimulating hormone (-MSH) binds to MC4R and transmits anorexigenic and energy-expenditure signals, whereas agouti-related protein (AgRP) exerts an antagonistic effect by binding to the receptor, competitively inhibiting -MSH action and promoting appetite

References: Drucker, D

These agents enhance glucose-dependent insulin secretion from pancreatic beta cells, suppress inappropriate glucagon release, slow gastric emptying, and promote satiety through central nervous system pathways

Diabetes promotes the progression of MASLD to steatohepatitis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma

Diabetologia (2018) 61:246198